Steps to Get a Mortgage: A Checklist for U.S. Homebuyers

Introduction

Getting a mortgage involves several steps from preparation to closing. This checklist walks you through each stage so you know what to expect and what to do. For a purchase, you may get pre-approved before or while house hunting; for a refinance, you apply when you are ready.

Step 1: Check Your Credit

Review your credit report and score. Lenders use credit to qualify you and set your rate. Fix errors, pay down debt if possible, and avoid new credit inquiries before applying. See our guide on What Credit Score Is Needed for a Mortgage

Step 2: Get Pre-Approved or Prequalified

Pre-approval involves verification of your finances and a credit check. Prequalification is typically a quick estimate. For house hunting, pre-approval is stronger. See Mortgage Pre-Approval Process and Pre-Approval vs Pre-Qualification

Step 3: Shop Lenders (Optional but Recommended)

Compare rates and fees from multiple lenders. Apply within a short window (e.g., 14–45 days) so credit inquiries are typically counted as one. Compare Loan Estimates when you receive them.

Step 4: Submit Your Application

When you have a purchase contract (or for refinance, when you are ready), submit your formal application. Provide pay stubs, W-2s, tax returns, bank statements, and ID. The lender will provide a Loan Estimate within 3 business days. See Mortgage Application Process

Step 5: Underwriting and Appraisal

The lender reviews your application (underwriting) and orders an appraisal. Respond quickly to any document requests. You may receive conditional approval. See Mortgage Underwriting Explained and Mortgage Approval Process

Step 6: Clear to Close and Closing Disclosure

Once conditions are met, you receive clear to close. The lender sends the Closing Disclosure at least 3 business days before closing. Review it and compare to your Loan Estimate.

Step 7: Closing

At closing, you sign the loan documents, the lender funds the loan, and you receive the keys (for a purchase). Bring ID and funds for closing if required. See Mortgage Closing Process

Frequently Asked Questions

How many steps are there to get a mortgage?

The process typically has 6–8 main steps: check credit, get pre-approved, find a home and make an offer, apply formally, receive Loan Estimate, go through underwriting, receive Closing Disclosure, and close. The exact flow can vary by lender.

What is the first step to get a mortgage?

Many borrowers start by checking their credit and getting pre-approved or prequalified. This helps you know how much you can borrow and identifies any issues to address before applying.

How long does it take to get a mortgage?

From application to closing typically takes 30 to 45 days. Pre-approval can take a few days. Delays can occur with appraisals, title, or document requests.

Can I get a mortgage with bad credit?

It depends. FHA and some other programs may accept lower credit scores. You may pay a higher rate or need a larger down payment. See our guide on credit score requirements for more.