What Happens at Closing? A Guide for U.S. Homebuyers

Introduction

Closing (or settlement) is when you sign the loan documents, the lender funds the loan, and—for a purchase—you receive the keys and become the owner. Understanding what happens at the closing table helps you know what to expect and what to bring.

Before You Arrive

You must receive the Closing Disclosure at least 3 business days before closing. Review it and compare it to your Loan Estimate. Confirm the amount you need to bring (cash to close) and how to pay it—certified check, cashier's check, or wire. Avoid last-minute wire instructions from unknown sources; verify with your title company or lender.

What You Sign

At closing you typically sign:

• Promissory note — Your promise to repay the loan
• Deed of trust or mortgage — Secures the loan with the property
• Closing Disclosure — Acknowledges receipt of the final terms
• Other documents — May include affidavits, tax forms, or state-specific forms

The closing agent (title company or attorney) will walk you through each document. Ask questions if anything is unclear.

Funding and Recording

After you sign, the lender funds the loan—sending the money to the closing agent. The deed is then recorded with the county. For a purchase, you receive the keys once funding and recording are complete. In some states this happens the same day; in others, the next business day.

For more on the funding process, see our Mortgage Funding Process guide.

Frequently Asked Questions

What documents do I sign at closing?

You typically sign the promissory note (your promise to repay), the deed of trust or mortgage (securing the loan), the Closing Disclosure, and other settlement documents. The closing agent will guide you through each.

How long does closing take?

The signing often takes 30 to 60 minutes. Funding and recording may happen the same day or the next business day. You receive the keys once the loan is funded and the deed is recorded (for a purchase).

What do I need to bring to closing?

Bring a government-issued ID, the Closing Disclosure (if you have it), and a certified or cashier's check or wire confirmation for the amount due at closing. Your lender or title company will tell you the exact amount.

When do I get the keys?

For a purchase, you typically receive the keys after the loan is funded and the deed is recorded. In some states, this happens the same day; in others, it may be the next business day.